The App Store offers some very powerful calculators for those who need to take on higher-level math or are just tired of the stock Apple offering. The following five apps vary in capabilities and features, but they all offer good design and enough computing power to tackle sophisticated tasks. They are all universal apps, which is especially helpful for the iPad given that it does not come with a calculator.

After trying out several alternatives, here are some of the best for turning your iOS device into a stronger computational machine. Best all-around: PCalc PCalc can handle just about any kind of math you can throw at it. Is hailed by many as the gold standard of iOS calculators, and for good reason. It handles RPN (Reverse Polish Notation), which is a must in engineering, programming, and other complex calculation needs. It has a variety of different layouts to match your specific use needs, whether it is for regular calculations or for taking to the engineering lab. Download internet explorer 32-bit for windows 7.

AstroGrav is a full-featured, high precision solar system simulator that calculates the gravitational interactions between all astronomical bodies, so that the motions of asteroids and comets are simulated much more accurately than with planetarium applications.

A free version is there to try it out, with $10 the price for the full edition. If you need the higher-level calculation required for engineering or other advanced levels of math it is definitely the one to get. If you want to extend what is available with PCalc to the desktop, a version is available in the, also $10. Best for day-to-day use: Digits Digits lets you view and edit a tape to keep track of calculations. ($4) is an ideal calculator replacement for day-to-day math. One of its most powerful features is the tape, which keeps a running tally of calculations.

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This is especially helpful for those doing bookkeeping or any kind of itemization where you want to go back and see the entire strand of numbers. Tap to edit the calculation and insert, change, or delete the number. You can also print or email the tape to others. Digits has a colorful background and a large font that makes it easy to see. It has dedicated buttons for Pi, Roots, and Inverse, but if you want functions for higher-level algebra or graphing, you won't find them here.

You can change the background color and font size to add a little bit of customization. It also works in portrait or landscape mode, moving the tape to best match the screen layout. Another power choice: Calculator+ Calculator+ handles graphing and many other types of higher-level math. This is one of the better full-featured calculators, offering several different modes and calculator styles, supporting scientific, handwriting, polynomial, linear, graphing, and currency. (free, $5 to unlock all modes) keeps its flexibility by putting the main portion of the keyboard—with the numbers and enter commands—in one section while including a scrollable bar for the function-specific keys.

This keeps the design consistent yet allows you to quickly find what is needed for an equation. The handwriting calculator takes a little bit of work. Calculator+ makes you go through the exercise of writing out what the app confusingly calls 'shapes'—each of the numbers and math symbols—in order for the app to recognize your handwriting.